Slide Library

This slide deck reviews emerging diabetes technology including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pump and CGM integration and artificial pancreas/hybrid closed loop technology.

This slide deck is an overview of issues with insulin that should be considered with hospitalized patients.

What are the benefits of early insulinization? What strategies can you use to select and initiate insulin treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes? This slide library discusses the answers to these questions and more.

Hypoglycemia is an adverse effect of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Therapy. Annually, thousands of T2D patients seek emergency treatment for hypoglycemia.

This slide deck discusses using combination therapies in the treatment of Diabetes. It covers the importance of understanding individualized therapy and prescribing appropriate combination therapy for patients at high cardiovascular risk.

AACE recommends that individuals who meet any of the clinical risk criteria noted below should be screened for prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D)¹.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and that may be precipitated by environmental factors.

Optimal management of type 2 diabetes requires treatment of the “ABCs” of diabetes: A1C, blood pressure, and cholesterol (ie, dyslipidemia).

As may be expected with a chronic disease that primarily affects middle-aged and older individuals, type 2 diabetes is usually complicated by other medical conditions.

Key Points

• Upon admission (or as soon thereafter as possible), every patient’s need for diabetes education should be assessed.

Epidemiology

Prevalence

GDM Definition, Etiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology

Definition

Preconception Care

Key Points

• Epidemiologic studies show that glucose control in hospitals is woefully inadequate.

  • Approximately 30% of hospitalized patients have blood glucose values >180 mg/dL.

Obesity 

Key Points

• Hyperglycemia and insulin regulation play both a direct and indirect role in the cellular mechanisms underlying inflammation and oxidative stress.

Treatment Goals 

Key Points

• Diabetes is an increasingly prevalent diagnosis among hospitalized patients.

  • Many patients have unrecognized diabetes.

Epidemiology

Key Points

• Hyperglycemia is common in critically ill patients, both with and without diabetes.

• Hyperglycemia is a predictor of adverse outcomes, including mortality.

Key Points

• Hyperglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in noncritically ill patients.

• Glycemic goals for noncritically ill patients

  • Premeal blood glucose: <140 mg/dL

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) require exogenous insulin for survival and should be identified as soon as possible to avoid high morbidity due to a delay in insulin treatment.

Key Points

• DKA and HHS are life-threatening emergencies.

• Management involves

  • Attention to precipitating cause

  • Fluid and electrolyte management

Goals

• Utilize intensive therapy aimed at near-normal BG and A1C levels
• Prevent diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia
• Achie

Key Points

• Hyperglycemia is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in the hospital setting, both in critically ill and noncritically ill patients.

Risk Factors

The risk factors for the development of both prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are as follows:¹

Key Points

• Various patient- and provider-specific factors may increase the risk of inpatient hypoglycemia

• Hypoglycemia is costly

  • - Patient level: increases risk of complications

There is a continuum of risk for poor patient outcomes as glucose tolerance progresses from normal to overt type 2 diabetes.

Key Points

• Insulin is the most appropriate agent for the majority of hospitalized patients.

• Insulin is a “high-alert medication.”

Key Points

• Nurses are essential—and central—to successful implementation of protocols, order sets, glucose monitoring, and educational programs to support improved glycemic control.

The Comprehensive Care Plan

Key Points

• The last 18 hours in utero have a significant impact on the infant’s metabolic responses after birth, even if maternal glucose control is adequate over the duration of gestation.

Key Points

• Hyperglycemia in the hospital affects quality of care, patient safety, length of stay, and cost; hence, addressing hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients can unite professionals in a common quest.

Epidemiologic data have demonstrated significant increases of various cancers in people with obesity and diabetes.

Key Points

• Glucometrics is a way to measure the success of inpatient glucose management.

Comprehensive care of patients with diabetes requires a team of healthcare professionals. Working with different healthcare providers allows the patient to learn in-depth information regarding their health and well-being.

This slide deck explains why it is important for diabetes patients to monitor their glucose on a continuous basis. The slides cover glycemic control and indications for Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) therapy.